Overweight and obesity affect an increasing portion of the global population, significantly impacting health and quality of life. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview: definition of overweight, BMI classification, causes, consequences, and appropriate treatments. Stay informed to better understand the challenges and available solutions.
Weight is assessed in relation to body surface area (approximated by the square of height). This defines a key parameter: the Body Mass Index (BMI).
BMI = Weight / height²
This parameter allows for the classification of an individual's weight based on a scale established by the NIH (National Institutes of Health, USA) in 1998:
| Classification | Body Mass Index (kg/m²) |
|---|---|
| Underweight | < 18.5 |
| Normal | 18.5 - 24.9 |
| Overweight | 25 - 29.9 |
| Obesity class I | 30 - 34.9 |
| Obesity class II | 35 - 39.9 |
| Severe obesity class III | > 40 |
Excess weight is steadily increasing worldwide. In 2014, 30% of the global population was overweight or obese, and this number is projected to reach 40% by 2030. In France, ObEpi surveys show a consistent rise in obesity prevalence, which doubled between 1997 and 2012.
Obesity results from an energy imbalance between intake and expenditure. This imbalance is influenced by:
Overweight can lead to chronic complications that reduce life expectancy, including:
High blood pressure, heart attacks, strokes, thrombosis, and pulmonary embolisms are more common in obese individuals.
Type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia (high “bad” cholesterol levels) are frequent in those who are overweight.
Losing 10 kg leads to:
Care typically includes: